High resolution orthophoto images from Geoeye, WorldView-2 and Pléaides processed in OrthoEngine module of PCI Geomatica. Data format: grid, UTM 33X / EGM 2008. Spatial resolution: 0.5 m (panchromatic and pansharpened) and 2 m (multispectral).

In the years 2009-2019, 49 samplings (shallow drilling or snowpits) were made on the glacier during the spring measurement campaigns in order to determine the bulk snow density and SWE. The average density of snow cover ranges from 386 to 447 kg/m3. The dataset includes part of the results from the project “Hindcasting and projections of hydro-climatic conditions of Southern 350 Spitsbergen” (grant no. 2017/27/B/ST10/01269) financed by the Polish National Science Centre, “Arctic climate system study of ocean, sea ice, and glaciers interactions in Svalbard area”—AWAKE2 (Pol-Nor/198675/ 17/2013), supported by the National Centre for Research and Development within the Polish–Norwegian Research Cooperation Programme and the SvalGlac—Sensitivity of Svalbard glaciers to climate change, the ESF Project, the project Integrated Arctic 355 Observing System (INTAROS)- Horizon 2020, the ice2sea 7th FP projects. The studies were carried out as part of the scientific activity of the Centre for Polar Studies (University of Silesia in Katowice) with the use of research and logistic equipment of the Polar Laboratory of the University of Silesia in Katowice.

Relative humidity measurements from AWS located on the Werenskioldbreen. The sensors are installed on a mast that is mounted in the glacier ice. During the season, the distance between the glacier's surface and the sensors increases. The station is serviced at least once a year between March and April.

High-resolution orthomosaic derived from aerial images captured in 2020 over Hornsund, Svalbard by Dornier aircraft. The spatial resolution of the orthomosaic is 0.087 m. Aerial images for the area were provided by the SIOS through a dedicated call of proposals (https://sios-svalbard.org/AirborneRS). The dataset is the supplement to the paper: Błaszczyk, M.; Laska, M.; Sivertsen, A.; Jawak, S.D. Combined Use of Aerial Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Detecting Geomorphological Changes in Hornsund, Svalbard. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030601

High-resolution orthomosaic derived from aerial images captured in 2020 over Hornsund, Svalbard by Dornier aircraft. The spatial resolution of the orthomosaic is 0.0843 m. Aerial images for the area were provided by the SIOS through a dedicated call of proposals (https://sios-svalbard.org/AirborneRS). The dataset is the supplement to the paper: Błaszczyk, M.; Laska, M.; Sivertsen, A.; Jawak, S.D. Combined Use of Aerial Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Detecting Geomorphological Changes in Hornsund, Svalbard. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030601

Hansbreen velocity is measured with a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver that sampled location every 3 hours at stake 4MONIT located approximately 3.5 km upstream of the glacier terminus (N77°02’ E15°28’). Monitoring of the glacier is conducted by Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Science. We calculate the daily speed based on each midnight positions (with a horizontal accuracy of ±4 cm).

On the basis of glaciological and meteorological data collected on Werenskioldbreen, daily surface ablation for the period May - November for years 2009-2020 was calculated (PPD, temperature ablation model). The dataset includes part of the results from the project “Hindcasting and projections of hydro-climatic conditions of Southern 350 Spitsbergen” (grant no. 2017/27/B/ST10/01269) financed by the Polish National Science Centre, “Arctic climate system study of ocean, sea ice, and glaciers interactions in Svalbard area”—AWAKE2 (Pol-Nor/198675/ 17/2013), supported by the National Centre for Research and Development within the Polish–Norwegian Research Cooperation Programme and the SvalGlac—Sensitivity of Svalbard glaciers to climate change, the ESF Project, the project Integrated Arctic 355 Observing System (INTAROS)- Horizon 2020, the ice2sea 7th FP projects. The studies were carried out as part of the scientific activity of the Centre for Polar Studies (University of Silesia in Katowice) with the use of research and logistic equipment of the Polar Laboratory of the University of Silesia in Katowice.

Upwelling shortwave flux in air measurements from AWS located on the Werenskioldbreen. The sensors are installed on a mast that is mounted in the glacier ice. During the season, the distance between the glacier's surface and the sensors increases. The station is serviced at least once a year between March and April.

The dataset includes point winter and summer mass balance measurements on ablation stakes in 2009-2020 and the calculated point annual mass balance. The dataset includes part of the results from the project “Hindcasting and projections of hydro-climatic conditions of Southern 350 Spitsbergen” (grant no. 2017/27/B/ST10/01269) financed by the Polish National Science Centre, “Arctic climate system study of ocean, sea ice, and glaciers interactions in Svalbard area”—AWAKE2 (Pol-Nor/198675/ 17/2013), supported by the National Centre for Research and Development within the Polish–Norwegian Research Cooperation Programme and the SvalGlac—Sensitivity of Svalbard glaciers to climate change, the ESF Project, the project Integrated Arctic 355 Observing System (INTAROS)- Horizon 2020, the ice2sea 7th FP projects. The studies were carried out as part of the scientific activity of the Centre for Polar Studies (University of Silesia in Katowice) with the use of research and logistic equipment of the Polar Laboratory of the University of Silesia in Katowice.

The internal structure of glaciers evolves primarily due to their thermal state, which is influenced by ongoing climate change. Radio-echo sounding is a technique that indirectly identifies water-saturated temperate ice (W-STI) and water-free ice (W-FI) within glaciers. A novel automatic image processing method based on local binarization has been developed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of identifying these layers. Applied to the Arctic glacier Hansbreen from 2007 to 2021, this technique revealed that the glacier’s internal structure evolved from a two-layer system to a nearly homogeneous structure composed mainly of temperate ice (Kachniarz et al. 2025). The dataset contains raw GPR data from 2007 - 2021 taken in the Hansbreen ablation zone used to identify the glacier's internal structure. The profiles are divided into two sections: upper and lower areas. The upper area includes GPR profiles intended to replicate the 2003 GPR profile. The lower area consists of profiles shifted down the glacier, corresponding to the glacier’s movement since 2003. The profile lengths range from 0.7 km to 1.7 km, with the 2016 lower and 2021 upper areas, respectively. In the first season (2007), the GPR profiles were situated at altitudes between 188 and 216 meters above sea level, running transversely to the glacier’s movement. The glacier’s internal structure was examined using GPR system with unshielded 25 MHz, Rough Terrain Antenna (RTA) 30 MHz, and RTA 50 MHz antennas. Image processing Python script based on local binarization and processed image examples have been included in the dataset. See details in Kachniarz et al. 2025. The field data collection and/or processing received grant aid from: Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) (SnowInOpt: SIOS Infrastructure Optimisation of the Cal/Val process for the snow research), European Commission Horizon Europe HORIZON-CL5-2024-D1-01-02 (LIQUIDICE: LinkIng and QUantifying the Impacts of climate change on inlanD ICE, snow cover, and permafrost on water resources and society in vulnerable regions) 101184962, the National Centre for Research and Development within the Polish-Norwegian Research Cooperation Programme (AWAKE2 project Pol Nor/198675/17/2013), Polish-Norwegian funding (AWAKE project PNRF-22-AI-1/07), Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (GLACIODYN No. IPY/269/2006), PolishNational Centre for Research and Development (SvalGlac project No. NCBiR/PolarCLIMATE-2009/2-2/2010), European Union 7th Framework Programme (ice2sea programme, grant no. 226375. Glaciological data were processed under assessment of the University of Silesia data repository within project Integrated Arctic Observing System (INTAROS, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme—grant No. 727890). The work was supported by the Centre for Polar Studies (the Leading National Research Centre in Earth Sciences for 2014–2018) funding, No. 03/KNOW2/2014. Reference: Kachniarz K., Grabiec M., Wróbel K., Ignatiuk D. 2025: Glacier internal structure revealed by automatic image processing-powered classification of radar images. Applied Geomatics (in review)